Comparing Excess in Morrison’s Sula and Ginsberg’s Howl Essay -- compa

Application of Excess in Morrisons Sula and Ginsbergs Howl In William Blakes trade union of Heaven and Hell, he declares that the road of excess leads to the palace of wisdomThose who restrain desire, do so because theirs is weak enough to be restrained. These beliefs are reiterated and expanded upon in some(prenominal) Toni Morrisons novel Sula and Allen Ginsbergs epic poem Howl. Both authors ch everyenge the conception of socially imposed boundaries, which suppress the absolute license of thought and action, by venerating the human characteristic of excess. Instead of abiding by the social norms of the general cultural animosity towards excess, Morrison and Ginsberg use this vilified attribute as a means to transcend the aforementioned boundaries that have hampered intellectual growth and the liberation of the self. The fact that both authors are of minority backgrounds compounds the acuteness of oppressiveness that both have experienced in their lives and allows us to draw par allels between their beliefs and how they challenge such despotism. Morrisons Sula deals with the novels namesakes journey to come after the road less traveled, and to escape the throes of a perceived life of perpetual imprisonment of the self that has engulfed most of the women of her time. The most obvious trait that resides in all aspects of Sulas character is that of excess. She wages a one-woman war against societys prescribed boundaries with an arsenal of excessive behavior and actions. The prospects of a obstinate life of marriage and childbearing, which is the envy and ultimate objective for women of her age in Bottom, is unappealing and an altogether putrid existence to her. In order to understand the complex infrastructure of Sulas character... ... electrified out of the coma by our own souls airplanes roaring over the roof theyve come to drop angelic bombs the hospital illuminates itself conceptional walls collapse O skinny legions run outside O starry-spangled shoc k of mercy the eternal war is here O victory forget your underclothing were free(111). Freedom is what Morrison and Ginsberg strive for in their respective works of Sula and Howl. Both authors implement the use of excessive behavior, deemed heretical to the social standards of the day, in order to transcend its boundaries and achieve self-actualization. Morrison and Ginsberg in effect countermand the adage of conform or die into that of conform and die. Works CitedGinsberg, Allen. Howl Original write Facsimile, Transcript, and Variant Versions. Ed. Barry Miles. New York Viking, 1986.Morrison, Toni. Sula. 1973. New York Plume, 1982.

Key Elements:The story of an hour :: English Literature

Key ElementsThe chronicle of an hour Plot Standard plot. A cleaning lady who receive the notice of her husbands death, and when she begins to felt freedom her husband appear again and she cant accept it and fall died. Characterization Few charactersa. Mrs. Mallard or Louise Mallards wife. Was afflicted with hearthstone trouble.b. Josephine Mrs.Mallards sister. She was who told Mrs.Mallard the notice about her husband death.c. Richard Mr.Mallards friend. He heard about the notice about his suppose death.d. Brently Mallard Mrs.Mallards husband. He was supposed to be dead. Setting The story takes place in Louises house. Theme I hypothecate we cant live in oppressiveness because that doesnt let us be free. We can find themes like the oppression by men, and women rights. Point of view The opinion or purpose of the author is to create inside us a brainstorm, because he doesnt give a account opinion of the story or situation. Diction It is simple to the reader u nderstanding. The author used an appropriate language for the time the story develop the plot or the action. Narrative techniques He uses narration and dialogue. The author makes use of the irony and the suspense. Also he used auditory for example, the piercing cry.The story of an hourAfter I read, analyze and find the key elements of this short story Ican wrote down a few personal reflections of this great and suspenseshort story. Firs of all, I like this particular short story becausekept me all the way long in suspense. Also because I hate longstories, dramas and poems.I think this story mention a very important point in all marriages ofall times. This point or situation is the oppression of men for women

The Bull Market of Television and Bear Market Of Responsibility Essay

The Bull Market of Television and Bear Market Of Responsibility The inanimate, lifeless object consists of 10 feet of copper wiring, a hardwired main board, thousands of electrical switches and receivers, all compactly encased in 25 pounds of hardened plastic. This plastic box occupies minimal space, requires electrical energy just great than a toaster, and can be purchased anywhere in America for under $100. It is more accessible, prevalent, and influential than any other person, place, event, or thing this world has each seen and to many it acts as the present day Hitler carrying out genocide on Americas value system, societal fabric, and treasured democracy. Parent groups, conservative parties, and Christian coalitions decry its ubiquitous influence and demand reform from the syndicates. All about this box of wires camps crowds rise up to cast the first stones in the name of America, unconditioned that the blood they spill is the very life of the capitalistic process tha t has come to epitomize the United States of America. Television should not and does not have the responsibility of cosmos the projector and champion of societys ideal and sought after utopia. Like every other product or business that has come from the grove of America, it is a fruit of capitalism and exists solely and absolutely for revenue. To say this product is the arena for social reform and advancement corrodes the very ideal of free enterprise and this persecution is in itself an end to social reform and advancement. The deification of television places societys failures and faults as televisions failures and faults. Critics condemn television for its violent tone, lack of adequate ethnic representation, low moral values, manipulative ta... ...ssesses the nutritional substance of bubblegum. Americans have developed an insatiable appetite not for culture and very well art but for violent, sexual, graphic entertainment consumed like food, forgotten and replaced by a new di sh on the menu of TV Guide. In American capitalistic society, television syndicates fall over themselves to supply Americas growing addiction. America exists diseased and television functions as the Typhoid Mary that spreads this disease. Americans disgust with the condition of the United States seek to heal America by healing television. Television acts not as the cause of the disorder but as a symptom and a vice of the infection. Until society faces the true culprit in the mirror and own to their part in the decline of a once lofty nation, iniquitous debauchery will remain as an untreated, unseen cancer slowly killing America.

Use of Medium & Elements :: Drama

Use of Medium & ElementsDuring performing scenes from A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen. We apply twain different types of Styles. realistic and Non Naturalistic. Weworked in groups on each style. Naturalistic is a form of drama whichis realistic. Not many strategies can be used doing this form. NonNaturalistic drama can contain many explorative strategies, such as,Hot seating, Still image, and thought tracking.The first style we worked on was Non Naturalistic. We chose to thescene where Krogstad confronted Nora. We made Krogstad two people totry and show Krogstads power over Nora. We alternated the linesbetween two actors. (Use of spoken language)Krogstad was wrapped in a mountainous foul blanket to even up a black holethat Nora had fallen into. A hole of lies and deceit, towards Torvald.Nora was dressed in white to represent her innocence that she thoughtshe had. We used these colours for symbolic representation in this production. Thisis a drama medium. Using symbolism showed me how different art formsreact with other art forms. (E.g. colour and script) The scriptchanged for me from then on. The white and black was a contrast thatis widely used in the world. White is used for angels black is usedfor hell. White is used for a wedding black is used for a funeral.White is day. Black is night. People are scared of the night but neverthe day.During this scene we used space wisely. Nora moved backwards asKrogstad moved forwards. Using movement Krogstad would fly the blackblanket around over Nora head trying to suck her under it. Nora wouldback away though trying to resist the dark side. (The outside of thehouse). Towards the end of scene where Krogstad dominates Nora andgets the truth out of her They exchanged blanket. Nora is now wrappedin black, which symbolises the outside world and the lies and deceit.It shows the beauty that Nora has no way of escaping what she hasdone.Using Non- Naturalistic drama to produce a scene from A Dolls Househelped me understand the script a bit more. It sure enough helped mefigure out how scary the outside world was for Nora and Torvald. Thesymbolism in the blankets were a great help also in portraying howNora had lied and it had caught up with her. Carrying the blackblanket did help me imagine what the outside world must be like forthe Helmer household. Holding the blanket and moving it closer to Norawho was a big sheet of white pure innocence felt quite evil yet

A Description of Christian Teachings about the Roles of Men and Women E

A Description of Christian Teachings about the Roles of Men and Women The family is our basic social social unit. It is the smallest and most common group in our society. It is found in every country and in every age throughout history. Sociologists often distinguish between two types of family. The first is the nuclear family which is where husband and married woman live alone with their children. The second is the extended family, which consists of several generations possibly living in the same house and having relatives living in the neighbourhood. Christians believe that family is of great importance. In propagation it says Living as a family prevents loneliness. Christians also belive it is their duty to care for all their relatives, including the elderly. Showing respect to each family member is of paramount importance, 1 Timothy 58, But if anyone does not take care of his relatives, especially the members of his own family, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever. In the book of Ruth it says that families must show fealty to one another. The Bible shows that God intended, right from the start that men and women should join together for life as couples. The bond between a man and a woman produces new life when children are born, and this way Gods creation continues. The Bible makes it clear that marriage should be taken very seriously, Genesis 218, and so the Lord God said, It is not good for the man to live alone. I will make a suitable companion to help him. One reason out for Christians marrying is that they can provide a stable background which helps people to cope with problems. It prepares... ...t unfair because you wee-wee to get things for yourself. You can not fall back on other people you have to become independent. With choice comes consequence, good or bad, but the way you handle these consequences determines your level of maturity. Nowadays, people in the Christian indian lodge are beginning to change roles, and men and women are becoming more equal. Many Christian parents have accepted changes in society and have able to them. Both men and women go to work, there are also some house husbands. There are different roles in society which are beginning to be shared by both men and women such as male equivalent maids. Some children in one parent families even have to take the role of a parent if a relative becomes ill. They have to grow up quickly and take on the burdens of holding a family unit together.

A Description of Christian Teachings about the Roles of Men and Women E

A Description of Christian Teachings about the Roles of Men and Women The family is our basic social unit. It is the smallest and most putting green group in our hunting lodge. It is found in every country and in every age throughout history. Sociologists often distinguish between two types of family. The rootage is the nuclear family which is where husband and wife live alone with their children. The second is the extended family, which consists of several generations possibly living in the same house and having relatives living in the neighbourhood. Christians believe that family is of big importance. In genesis it says Living as a family prevents loneliness. Christians also belive it is their duty to care for all their relatives, including the elderly. Showing respect to each family member is of paramount importance, 1 Timothy 58, But if anyone does not take care of his relatives, especially the members of his own family, he has denied the fai th and is worse than an unbeliever. In the book of Ruth it says that families must show loyalty to one another. The Bible shows that God intended, right from the beginning that men and women should join together for life as couples. The bond between a man and a woman produces new life when children are born, and this way Gods creation continues. The Bible makes it clear that marriage should be taken very seriously, Genesis 218, Then the Lord God said, It is not good for the man to live alone. I will make a suitable companion to assistance him. One reason for Christians marrying is that they can provide a stable background which helps people to cope with problems. It prepares... ...t unfair because you have to get things for yourself. You can not precipitate back on other people you have to become independent. With choice comes consequence, good or bad, but the way you handle these consequences determines your level of maturity. Nowadays, people in t he Christian Society are beginning to change roles, and men and women are becoming more equal. Many Christian rises have accepted changes in nightspot and have adapted to them. Both men and women go to work, there are also some house husbands. There are different roles in society which are beginning to be shared by both men and women such as male equivalent maids. Some children in one parent families even have to take the role of a parent if a relative becomes ill. They have to grow up quickly and take on the burdens of prop a family unit together.

The Stamp Act

Jamie Brissette Hist310 Tue/Thur 9am 2 paper The Stamp recreate Riot, 1765 Francis Bernard wrote the document Stamp mould Riot, 1765 about the colonies response to Parliaments stamp act. The colonies or the Stamp Act Congress questioned whether it was regenerate for Parliament to valuate the colonies. In doing so Parliament created a rebellion within the colonies who only wanted a say in their Government and decisions being made. If Parliament had treated the colonies better, respected their rights to govern themselves, and had given them a say maybe this would not have contributed to the series of events prima(p) up to the Revolutionary War. Bernard 106) The Stamp Act was an important act introduced by the British Prime Minister George Grenville and it was passed in butt on 1765 by the British Parliament. (Henretta 137) Its purpose was to plagiarize money for the British army stationed in the American colonies. The Stamp Act required tax stamps for public documents such as ne wspapers, legal documents, customs documents, licenses, acting cards, deeds, and almanacs. Since Britain was left with a large national debt from the Seven Years War, the British government felt that since the colonies benefited that they should contribute to the expenses.As Francis Bernard describes theAmerican coloniesacted strongly against this matter. This all took place in Boston Massachusetts. During the summer of 1765, because of the Stamp Act, there were many protests in the colonies. These protests involved everyone from civic leaders to street mobs. In many cities and towns the slogan became no tax without representation. The Sons of Liberty were a secret organization that often organized these protests. Many acts of violence and a lot of pressure centered towards the Stamp Agents, by fall almost all Stamp Agents resigned.The Virginia Assembly declared that the Stamp Act was unjust and illegal. The assembly passed resolutions against taxation by the British Parliament. T he Massachusetts signboard of Representatives invited all of the colonies to send delegates to a General Congress. The colonies that accepted the invitation and sent delegates to the General Congress were New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maryland, Delaware, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Massachusetts. In October of 1765 in New York urban center a Stamp Act Congress was held. It was represented by nine colonies.The Stamp Act Congress declared that stamp taxes could not be hive away without the large numbers consent and that the colonists right to be taxed was only by their own elected representatives. Merchants agreed not to import British goods until the law was repea guide. That led to the British Parliament being bombarded by petitions from English merchants not importing their goods. Many English political leaders argued that the law was unenforceable. (Bernard 106) Finally on March 4, 1766 the Stamp Act was repealed by the British Parliament. The unity of the American colonists in their opposition towards the Stamp Act contributed to this appeal.The Stamp Act was one of the many events leading up to colonist having enough and wanting to govern themselves. This Act and the protests leading up to the appeal help create American Nationalists who wanted to separate from Britain. The contravene between the British government and the American colonists over the Stamp Act is considered one of the causes of the American Revolutionary War.Sources www. online-literature. com www. wikipedia. com Documents for American History Chapter 5, 5-4 The Stamp Act Riot, (1765) by Francis Bernard, pages 106-107 America A Concise History by James A Henretta pages 137-138The Stamp ActNo taxation without representation (Americas Past and Promise) That was the colonists famous saying. The colonists were being taxed with no say in parliament. They were getting taxed with the Stamp Act, the Tea Act, and the Sugar Act, but those were only a few. Eventually th e Stamp Act was successfully repealed, yet the Stamp Act was the catalyst for the American Revolution. The stamp Act was the first attempt for Brittan to directly tax the colonists. (Mason Lorna) Brittan thought that since they owned the colonists they could tax them, and the colonists would and have no say.Brittan put a tax on all diplomas, wills, playing cards, and other everyday advertisements. (Mason Lorna) Brittan stated that all documented papers had to necessitate a stamp that said the items were taxed. said Bilven junior. Stamps were very expensive then and not many people could afford them. The October delegates met and stated that the colonist will not be able to have any say in parliament. This mad the colonists enraged. This was the cause of the first true rifts between the patriots and the loyalists. The colonists held an orderly Stamp Act coitus to protest the law.The colonists rioted in seaport towns. (Bilven junior) Most assemblies believed that they had the right to decide on their own laws. Men who sold stamps were threatened or their houses were set on fire. The houses of the people who approved this act were also set on fire by the colonists. The colonists started to boycott the English goods that had to be stamped, and this started to make the imports go down. Colonists drew up petitions stating that the right to tax belonged to assembly colonies. The colonists were very unhappy with this tax and started to do just about anything to get rid of it.Benjamin Franklin was one of the very important people who stood up to Brittan and got the Stamp Act repealed. Benjamin Franklin argued and warned the English that the continuation of this tax could lead to rebellion. In 1766 well law abiding business men repealed the Stamp Act. though the Stamp Act was only one out of the many taxes that Brittan placed on the colonists, the stamp act was the most important. The Stamp Act was a lifesize help in starting the Revolutionary war. The Stamp Act was also one out of the many to get repealed so quickly. The Stamp Act was not only a loss to the colonists, but a great benefit also.

Human Resource Case Study Essay

1. I think his request is reasonable. Nancy should have the period to train Marks request to develop an appropriate structure to deal with the growth of both companies. She will be able to present the possible strategies to spank a shortage of employees. As well, she can discuss reasons why Family Distribution has experienced such a drastic fallout of staff over the gone two years. Another topic she should have time to research are the complaints about the hiring practices at Family Manufacturing, whether they have genuine merit, and if so, what can be done to even off the situation. She should also be able to address the concerns of the vice presidents of both companies. .2. I would not recommend one comprehensive plan for both companies because they are both experiencing different gainsays that require separate action plans. Family Medical Distribution is making far less lolly than it did at its peak in 1989 and has had to evolve into a specialty distributor of high end suppl ies just to stay afloat. Family Medical Manufacturing, on the other hand, is continuously exceeding its growth and profit projections yearly. They have the potential to grow the company even further but do not ongoingly have the human resources to do so. .3. Sam is a person who has been with the company for quite a long time. He has served in various positions and moved his way up the ranks, so he would have a good understanding about how the business is run. I think that Nancy should befriend him to understand his point of view and unique insights on how the company has evolved over time. . I think that Sam understands that a plan require to be implemented to turn the company around. He has spent time and resources trying to evaluate his merchandise department, sales, and operations. Hes even expressed that the staff need to work smarter not harder, but has given no specific direction on what could be done to pee this a reality. His skepticism towards the value of HR seems to b e based on the results of a department that has been running without a manager for the then(prenominal) 13 months.Even though the HR associate, Claire Jackson, has done a great job trying to keep things afloat, she simply does not have the time or expertise to run the inviolate department by herself. His judgment of the results is fair in the reek that HR is not particularly useful in its current incarnation, but he doesnt seem to have the insight to understand how much it could accomplish if it were running smoothly with competent leadership. . Nancy should explain to Sam that the crush way to make the company more efficient and to work smarter is by appreciating how important a structured, secure working environment is to volume. In order to make the company more profitable, she necessarily to convince him that the most important thing to do right now is to sort out how best to utilize people to achieve quality performance while at the same time promoting a business plan tha t will encourage growth. .4. One glaring challenge is that t present are four past complaints about hiring practices. Trust among the employees for the hiring process has been diminished, and the damage has already been done. Even though Mark Olsen seems to understand the importance of a strategic HR program, he has made some critical mistakes and shown a lapse in judgment in three slipway. . Firstly, he has shown a preconceived opinion in hiring people from his former employer in all cases of formal complaints made against the company. It is doubtful that the interview and selection process for these positions was done in a fair, frank manner. .Secondly, he has ignored the resources he already had at his disposal by hiring employees externally. In all formal complaints the employees had the education and training do the job they were applying for. intimately people want a sense of purpose and accomplishment from their careers, and ignoring that basic desire will only create dis content among the workforce. . Finally, he disregarded and dis honoured the entire hiring process by promising a position to someone before the opening had even been posted. In my opinion, this type of favoritism is one of the fastest ways to demoralize people. . At the upcoming meeting for Nancys presentation of her human resource plans, she needs to address these mistakes and explain to Mark how important it is to follow procedure, respect the hiring process, and moreover to respect his own employees. .2. When Nancy presents her plan, she needs to explain the different challenges that both companies are dealing with. There are pressures and opport building blockies to be undercoat in both cases. Family Medical Distribution is a well respected company but has undergone significant downsizing due to government cutbacks. The opportunity here is to create an efficient supplementary business that will complement its manufacturing counterpart. Family Medical Manufacturing has plenty of room to grow, but not enough qualified personnel to helper develop its upcoming products. . Next, she should state what goals of the company are to get clear about where they want to be in a five year time frame and what it will take to get there. Mark has said that his goal is to enter the home nursing market, so the plan needs to account for what needs to be done to achieve this goal from a HR perspective. .I think the most important issue that both companies need help with is in utilizing the talents and skills of their workforce in a way that compliments the needs of both divisions. The best solution is to consider both companies as one working unit from a HR standpoint. The deficiencies in staffing at Manufacturing could feasibly be satisfied by transferring the appropriate staff from Distribution. This would be an elegant way of taking care of the staffing needs of both companies while at the same time improving employee relations with upper management, an important first st ep in regaining a sense of trust and security. Nancy should also suggest that some of the money and employee benefits invested in Manufacturings new facility be put into effect at Distributions plant. Its important to show genuine equality to employees and this would help to impart the understanding that both businesses are important for continued success.

Hip Hop and the African American Dream Essay

Spoken-word medicament arrived in America for the first time with slave s pelviss from West Africa. Ethnomusicologists have traced the root of hip hop to the dance, the drum, and the song of West African griots or storytellers. The pairing of word and music is recognized as a portrayal of the painful travel of slaves who survived the passage. In early America, the slaves drew on the common elements of African music with their ring shouts, their field hollers, as well as their spirituals. Thus, Samuel A. Floyd, the director of the Center for relentless Music Research at Columbia College in Chicago attests Speech-song has been part of the black culture for a long, long time (McBride). In the summer of the course 1973, an African American teenager in one of the Bronx River Houses, stuck a speaker in his living room window, ran a wire to the turntable in other room, and set the housing project of three thousand folks alight with party music. Thus, Bronx turned into a music magnet, a nd hip hop was given pay to. This birth led to the creation of dance styles, and graffiti artists found a new job to paint the word I loud and clear because hip hop is all about identity, that is, I am the best (McBride). James McBride notes Not since the advent of swing jazz in the 1930s has an American music exploded across the world with such overwhelming force. As a matter of fact, hip hop is nowadays enjoyed by people from around the world, and by all races. Still, the role of this music among the African Americans the race through out of which emerge the best hip hop musicians is crystal clear. For African Americans, the music represents the just old dream to hit upon a pot of gold to millions of dollars. Agonizing over how their parents slave many hours a day, young African Americans long to trade name it big in the hip hop business with fame and riches.Works CitedMcBride, James. Hip Hop Planet. National Geographic, April 2007.

Macduff †Banquo Comparison Essay

Dwight D. Eisenhower once said peace and justice are two sides of the same coin. Peace and justice are buttoned together, both must exist in harmony. In Macbeth we quickly see the injustice of run into destroy the peace of Scotland. It would take a force to ferment Macbeth to his knew and order back into Scotland, setting the stage for Banquo and Macduff. Banquo and Macduff play large yet different roles in the demise of Macbeth. Banquo ment totallyy troubles Macbeth causing his mental state to deteriorate, enchantment Macduff capitalizes on the weakness and acts upon it.You will see examples throughout the book when Banquo stays with Macbeth concealment his suspicion while Macduff rides away telling others of the murder, when the ghost of Banquo haunts Macbeth while Macduff refuses to examine the feast at all and finally throughout the play we see the prophecy of Banquos sons driving Macbeth mad Macduff using Macbeths reliance on the witches as a weakness to attack and kill hi m. Banquos suspicion causes Macbeth to worry, not knowing that Macduff had left with his give birth suspicions.We see the different approaches of the two characters, Banquo hiding his thoughts and sticking c regress instead of openly discussing his thoughts like Macduff. Banquo has clued in on the connection between the wyrd sisters prophecy and the murder of Duncan, questioning Macbeths morality King, Cawdor, Glamis, all I fear / thou playedst most foully for it (3. 1. 1-3). Banquo contains his distrust, watching Macduff from the shadows as he leaves the clearer target. Macduff was the first to find the body of Duncan and does not worry about his own safety, discussing his knowledge with Ross and the Old Man.We see his wording in act 2 scene 4 as doubtful, not accept Macbeths reasoning for killing the guards in Duncans room. Macbeth still does not see the works of Macduff, who does not attend his crowing ceremony, and is strictly focused on Banquo. He admits to having fears in B anquo which stick deep and plans on disposing of him (3. 1. 50-51). Macbeth knows he can no longer trust his once best friend as paranoia and monomania begin to set in. This distraction is the reason Macduff is given leeway to spread his distrusts through the group of secondary characters.In effort, Macbeth has made up his mind to march on onwards with fulfilling the prophecy, a decision that will literally haunt him greatly. The ghost of Banquo terrorizes Macbeth at his banquet, making him act a fool in front of all the thanes. Macduff denies Macbeth publicly by not attending, thus upsetting him greatly. Banquos role is further shown to be private or solely concentrated to Macbeths knowledge, big(a) him an insane outer appearance. Macbeths mentality only feeds the fire in Macduff as he gains more and more reassurance from the onslaught of murders.We even see his own wife accuse him of displacing the mirth, breaking the good meeting / with most admird disorder (3. 4. 109-110). Ba nquo has terrified Macbeth, making his cheeks blanchd with fear (3. 4. 116) sending him looking for an wall socket the absence of Macduff. He admits to having a servant fed (3. 4. 132) in all of his thanes houses and knows that Macduff has denied the invitation on purpose. He takes this as an extreme insult, planning to kill Macduffs family as a punishment. This section has shown Macbeth as very weak and incapable of rational thought processes, taking the absence of a thane as the reason to kill.The fate of Macduffs family is set in stone, much like Banquos, yet it will not grant him anymore safety and will in fact lead him trenchant for security. Macbeth goes back to the wyrd sisters to gain some more insight on the prophecy. He goes out of desperation, hoping that his fate still holds true to what he has been told and the throne will be forever in his family. Banquos sons have forced the hand of Macbeth, pleading the witches not for the truth, but to hear what he wants. The ha unting of Banquos children has led to the murder of Macduffs.Action caused by children has connected Banquo and Macduff, as the newly deceased and the future kings will not let Macbeth free. Macbeth takes the witches new prophecy not for what it is, but as what he wants it to be. His head has been inflated, and no longer worrying about the thrones next owner. Macbeth is at a point where he has nothing to lose and after his wife dies, he is at wits end. Macbeth knows the fate of his kingdom, and will die with harness on his back (5. 5. 51). He had thought he was invincible, Banquo had been a nagging recurrence and had punished him mentally.Exhausted, he chose to face and die by the army and Macduff, his true match. Through different ways, Macduff and Banquo were able to break Macbeth both mentally and physically, bringing his reign of terror to an end. Banquo, through suspicion was able to distract Macbeth, his ghost returning, constantly reminding him of his deeds. Macduff, meanwhil e, gathered his thoughts and fought Macbeth every step of the way. Using rational methods, he was able to take down a very irrational man. Banquo had written the book all along, all he had to do was wait for Macduff to publish it.

Animal Farm Essential Questions

This is a historical, political and social allegory, that is, a story whose characters and events represent or symbolize ideas and events. George Orwell, who worked creating propaganda for the British disposal during World War II, saw the rise of socialism and Marxism, and the eventual dominance of Communism in the sasss. This book is Rowels response to the world around him. How do some(a) pass water queen over others? What enables them to succeed? Some gain power over others for many reasons.They may have better leadership skills and will aka bitch or they could be the smartest and the most trustworthy. What enables them to succeed is if they lead correctly their followers will do the same causing success What is propaganda and what is the relationship between propaganda and power? Propaganda is communications to the public that ar designed to influence the opinions. The relationship between propaganda and power is that propaganda can be used to maintain power or gain power. Wh y does propaganda work?Propaganda works because our minds are easily persuaded and any information even out by the more powerful people will be taken as true. How often In todays world are the weak exploited by the strong? Are utopias possible? I believe utopias are not possible because I think there will always be someone who will want to be different and could be avid and change the look of the utopia. Is Animal Farm a relevant novel for the 21st century reader? All civilizations begin with a utopian nightclub in mind but some where along the way they falter and stumble and finally fall only because of faults In human character.

Nitration of Methyl Benzoate

Nitration of Methyl Benzoate Introduction Nitration is an example of an electrophile evocative substitution reaction, where nitro (NO2) group is being substituted for a heat content on an aromatic aggregate. This is achieved by the formation of the nitronium ion by protonation of azotic acid from sulfuric acid. The zirconium ion is a strong electrophile and can react with aromatic compound such as Methyl benzoate to form an arenium ion intermediate. The arenium ion is then depronated to reform the aromatic ring and yield the final product with the newly attached nitro group.Reaction ? Table of corporal Contents Procedure Obtain an ice bath. 12 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was gathered, cooled to 0 degrees Celsius, and put in a 125-ml Erlenmeyer flash. Then 6. 1g of methyl radical benzoate was added. Then cooled in an ice bath to 0-10 degrees Celsius. A Pasteur pipette was used to add a cooled mixture of 4-mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and 4-mL of concentrated nitric acid . ? Figure 1 How to properly use a Pasteur pipette The mixture was then swirled frequently and maintained a temperature of 5C-15C. Figure 2 Swirling the mixture aft(prenominal) all of the nitric acid was added the mixture was then warmed to room temperature. After 15 minutes, it was then poured into a 250-mL. The solid product was isolated by suction filtration using a small Buchner funnel. ? Figure3 Labeled vacuum filtration ? Figure 4 Carefully scraping out the crystals A small amount of model was saved and weighed. Results ? Figure 5 NMR of the product ? Discussion/Conclusion The melting point of the recrystallized product was 73-78 degrees Celsius.This was very accurate to that of the book. In this prove, methyl benzoate went done an electrophilic substitution reaction to form Mehyl-m-nitro benzoate, where a NO2 group was added to the methyl benzoate in the meta position. Nitric acid is not a strong enough electrophile to react with the aromatic benzene ring, but the zirconi um ion with the positive charge on the nitrogen is a strong electrophile and can react with the double bond of the methyl benzoate. The experiment was an overall success.The H NMR data successfully confirmed that the experiment was done correctly. Substances Formula Weight g/mol Quantity groynes Used Mole Ratio Boiling Point Melting Point Density g/mL Concentrated Nitric Acid 63. 01 0. 5mL 1. 192 x 10-2 N/A N/A 121 1. 5027 Concentrated Sulfuric Acid 98. 08 1. 6mL 3. 0 x 10-2 N/A N/A N/A 1. 841 grain alcohol 46. 07 2-3mL N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Methyl Benzoate 136. 15 0. 55g 4. 039x 10-3 1 to 1 113-115 N/A N/A Methyl Nitro- Benzoate 181. 13 Product N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Information and computer technology on banking Essay

For over a decade, the rapid advancement in information and communication technology has significantly abnormal the banking industry. The banking sector has embraced the use of technology to serve its clients faster and also to do more with less. Emerging technologies have changed the banking industry from paper and secernate based banks to digitized and networked banking services. Unlike before, broadband internet is cheap and it makes the transfer of data easy and first. Technology has changed the accounting and management system of all banks.And it is outright changing the way how banks be delivering services to their customers. However this technology comes at a cost, implementing all this technology has been expensive but the rewards are limitless. The banking sector was peerless of the first to embrace rapid globalization and benefit significantly from IT development. The technological revolution in banking started in the 1950s, with the installation of the first automated bookkeeping machines at banks. This was well before the other industries became IT savvy.However, in Bangladesh the revolution started in 1990s. Present Status A good number of technology compulsive services are provided to the customers by the Private Commercial intrusts (PCBs), Foreign Commercial blasphemes (FCBs)and Nationalized Commercial Banks (NCBs). The FCBs operating in Bangladesh like commonplace Chartered Bank and HSBCare the pioneers to introduce technology driven banking facilities. Thesebanks provide services like asynchronous transfer mode, debit card, credit card, Point of Sale (POS)services, internet banking, phone banking, any branch banking, ElectronicFund Transfer (EFT).Along with these services Standard Chartered Bank isproviding KIOSK service to its customers. Among the local banks, the PCBs are ahead of the NCBs in providingtechnology driven banking services. A limited number of technology drivenservices are existence provided by the private Islamic bank s in Bangladesh. For sending foreign remittance NCBs and some PCBs are working collaboratively with mobile phone service operators. Application of figurer based services in BangladeshElectronic Fund Transfer (EFT), SWIFT and MICR cheque are being provided by all the banks. All the banks except Uttara Bank are providing any branch banking to the customers. All banks have debit card facilities for their clients except Citi Bank NA. First Security Islami Bank Limited, Uttara Bank Limited and Citi Bank NA have no own ATM booth. First Security Islami BankLimited is going to establish their own ATM booth. They have already selected the palce for 100 ATM booth and expect to launch within very short possible time.

Civil War: The Second Revolution Essay

The courteous fight is one of the most integral events in Ameri empennage history. It was responsible in shaping the United States to its present political and social structure. It is definitely a war, but can it be considered as the countrys second revolution? Indeed, it is. This essay aims to address how and why the Civil War is the second revolution, and whether the Reconstruction was a failure or success of that revolution. A political revolution is distinguished by the significant changes that occur within the societal structure (Andrain 187).To speciate it from rebellion or coup detat, there are three things to consider in a revolution the goals of the revolution, the means to achieve their goals, and the results or consequences of the revolution (Andrain 187). Most revolutionaries have a similar mark to alter or modify the present system of fellowship and politics (Andrain 187). A revolution practically seeks to replace the old order with a bracing one that would cater to the interests of the revolutionaries. The Civil War ab initio arose from the differences between the North and South (Perry 507).The North was the region know for trade and manufacturing, while the South was known for agriculture. Both regions also differed in their stand on tariffs. The North favored tariffs because these gave them an advantage over in confiscate competition. On the other hand, the South resisted tariffs, as it caused an augment in the prices of the commodities it imported. Unlike the North which can excogitate all their needs, the agricultural South was dependent on imports (Perry 507). However, the primary reason why the Civil War occurred was slavery (Perry 507).The South considered slavery as a necessity. Being an agricultural region, it needed manpower for the grove and harvest of crops, especially corn (Gallagher 1). That manpower was provided by the slaves. On the other hand, the North called for slavery to be abolished in the entire country (Perr y 507). The South was most threatened upon the 1860 victory of Abraham Lincoln in the presidential elections (Perry 507). Abraham Lincoln was the candidate of the Republican Party, which was dedicated to the abolition of the slavery (Perry 507).When Lincoln won, the South knew that their interests would be in danger under his administration. Thus, they seek a new order upon which their interests would be protected. A revolution starts with the feat of the revolutionaries to attain government control (Andrain 187). In this case, the Southerners were the revolutionaries, and secession was the means in which the goals of the revolution can be met. The Southern conjures seceded from the Union governed by Lincoln and formed their own government, the Confederate States of America (Perry 507).The South also installed Jefferson Davis as head of the Confederacy (Perry 507). Lincoln did non want to wage war against the Confederacy however, he wanted to preserve the Union as well (Perry 50 7). The Confederacy, on the other hand, wanted to be unaffiliated from the Union (Gallagher 5). The revolutionaries fired at Fort Sumter to force the Union to fight, and upon Lincolns call for the defense mechanism of the Union, the revolution was in full swing (Perry 507). The Civil War was a second revolution because it sought to make changes within American society.The goal of the Southern revolutionaries was to gain independence from the Union to prevent slavery from being abolished. The means in which they started a revolution was through secession. However, the effects of the revolution can be assessed through the discussion of the Reconstruction. The Reconstruction is the stream in U. S. history that succeeds the Civil War (Benedict 108). It is the period in which the nation was in the process of rebuilding after the damages caused by the war (Kolchin 1).Because it occurred after the war, it became an appropriate measure as to whether or not the second revolution was succe ssful. The Reconstruction was actually a formula of the failure of the second revolution. To begin with, the Confederacy failed to gain their independence. In fact, the Reconstruction was the while in which those states which seceded would be readmitted in the Union (Benedict 108). The very states that wanted to be independent from the Union found themselves in a struggle to be readmitted again. Thus, the second revolution was a failure.The revolution occurred because of the conflict over slavery. However, the revolutionaries also did not succeed in preserving it. Even before the war ended, there was already the Emancipation Proclamation, which sought to forfeit the slaves in the Confederate states (Perry 508). By the time the Reconstruction was underway, the abolition of slavery became final with the ratification of the thirteenth Amendment (Kolchin 1). The amendment proceeded from the Emancipation Proclamation, but its scope was wider as it abolished slavery in the entire Unite d States (Kolchin 1).The Reconstruction period proved to be difficult for the Southern states. There were two kinds of reconstruction the presidential and the congressional. Lincoln hoped to piss governments in the former Confederate states that were governed by the Union (Benedict 108). The appointed governors would be called to establish a new state government when ten percent of those who voted in the presidential election in 1860 would pledge committal to the Union (Benedict 108). Unfortunately, Lincoln was assassinated and Andrew Johnson took over the Reconstruction (Benedict 109).This is called the presidential reconstruction. Johnson employed an easier approach for the Southern states to be readmitted into the Union, but the Republicans disagreed. As the forerunners of the congressional reconstruction, the Republicans wanted to give the former Confederate states a difficult time into readmission because they almost caused the demise of the Union. In addition, the plan of Jo hnson did not take into consideration the rights of the African-Americans, which the Republicans strongly prompted (Benedict 109).As a result, the revolutionaries were caught between the struggle to be readmitted into the Union and the difficulties of dealing with a Congress dominated by Republicans. In addition, the former revolutionaries were exposed to a radical reconstruction (Benedict 109). They became victims of the dominance of the Republicans in the South, which eventually led to the increase in taxes and the prevalence of corruption in state governments. The Southerners soon despised the system of racial equivalence that was furthered during the Reconstruction, and had to resort to means to intimidate the African-Americans.This meant using force through organizations like the Ku Klux Klan (Benedict 109). The Civil War can be considered as a second revolution because it sought to change the old order of society and politics. The Southern revolutionaries wanted to retain sla very, so they seceded from the Union in hopes of achieving this goal. They wanted to be an independent state wherein slavery is allowed to continue. Nonetheless, they failed in their attempt to gain independence they also failed to preserve the institution of slavery.The Reconstruction was a reflection of this, as the former revolutionaries sought to be readmitted to the Union they seceded from. Moreover, the road to readmission was tedious and filled with conflict, as the former revolutionary states had to struggle with the plans of reconstruction of both the president and Congress. Hence, the second revolution which is the American Civil War is a failure, and the Reconstruction reflected this defeat.Works CitedAndrain, Charles F. Revolution. Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. 21 vols. newly York Lexicon Publications, Inc., 1992. Benedict, Michael Les. Reconstruction. Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. 21 vols. New York Lexicon Publications, Inc. , 1992. Gallagher, Gary. American Civi l War. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 2007. 25 April 2008 . Kolchin, Peter. Reconstruction (U. S. history). Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. 2007. 25 April 2008 . Perry, Marvin. A History of the World. Massachusetts Houghton Mifflin, 1989.

Tennyson Close Analysis

Tennyson was published in 1830 and is the text I have chosen to do closely analyze. The subject matter of the poem was taken from one of Shakespearean p put downs calld placard for Mea trustworthy, and the line Marina in the mooted grange, gave Tennyson the inspiration to write of a young woman postponement for her lover. The two texts administer a common theme of desertion, as in Shakespearean play the young woman is as easy as diligently awaiting the expire of her lover Angelo after his desertion upon discovering her loss of dowry.Similarly to Shakespearean text, Marianne pretermits action or whatever narrative movement, the entire poem serving as an extended depiction of the melancholy isolation a young woman experiences whilst pining for her vacant lover. The phraseology, meter, micturateat and tone of the poem contribute to the inherent themes of isolation, remainder and decay, which I will closely examine in this close reading exercise. Unlike some of Tennyson dif ferent works such as Ulysses, Marianne doesnt have a dramatic monologue although it does feature a refrain.This method isolates Marina from us, and the poem being written in a third person lyrical narrative makes the title guru unable to linguistically control her own poem. The refrain is the only part within the poem in which Marina is able to speak out directly to the reader as well as the only form of dialogue in the first stanza, lines 9-12 My life is dreary/He cometh not she said/She said, l am areaway, areaway, I would that I were dead Her desperation is evident to the reader, and she said being written in past tense is large since we are left wondering of her fate as a result of her misery. The refrain undergoes minor changes throughout the poem, giving a small fragment of pope to both the reader and Marina who is stuck in a matte cycle of despair. In the minute, third and fourth stanza she alternates between day, night and light, in the final 9-12 lines of the stanza, em phasizes that nothing sincerely changes since her feelings of being areaway continue regardless of the time of day.In the final stanza, in the 9-12th lines, the refrain changes dramatically from the continuous and abiding refrain the reader had become accustomed to. Marina now Weeps instead of says and asks God to end her misery, thus the plea is no longer a wish but a prayer and an appeal, signifying the end to all hope. She is now sure that he will never return and her recognition of this show that she accepts it. The usage of the pronoun he in the refrain is interesting. We never construe his name or of his existence therefore his presence in the poem is very ambiguous.It could be that Marina is unspoiled waiting for a lover who has deserted her, or that he could be symbolic of a male dominating society that doesnt help her. The refrain shapes majority of the poem as it allows the reader to understand Marinas feelings, whereas the language and the climb only serve as a met aphor for her internal anguish and isolation. Although the poem is static, meaning it involves no action, the pathetic fallacy and personification of the setting is a reflection of Marinas mental decay as well as the world that she inhibits.In the first stanza, from lines 1 to 7, Marinas surroundings are described as blackest, rusted, broken, Weeded and worn, and lonely. Everything that is man-make is in a state of decay, symbolic for Marinas personal deteriorating and dissatisfaction of men. The iambic tetrameter, which sets the rhythmic, repetitive tone of the poem, is constantly interrupted by the refrain at he end of each stanza, symbolic to how Marianne can never feel at ease and is always in a state of psychological unrest.The three four-line rhyme units pattern of ABA CDC shout entrap the reader, since the E and F essentially remain the same in each stanza, which parallels with Marinas own entrapment. row such as shrieks and cricked in the sixth stanza between on line 2 an d 5, are Tennyson use of onomatopoeia to further involve the reader in how Marina is feeling by using harsh and penetrating sounds. through with(predicate) close analysis there are signs of hope Marina in inactives in us for both her fate and the return of her lover.In the first stanza on line 6, it is described that unlisted was the clinking latch emphasizing her hope for his return, and in the second stanza on line 8, when she glanced athwart the gloaming forthwiths, although the use of gloaming is a morbid foreshadowing, Marina watches her surroundings as if she is waiting for a s grey-hairedier to return from the battlefield and into her open arms. But as Marina deteriorates and hope fails her, so does the language in the poem.In the sixth stanza between lines 6 and 8, Marina descends into madness as her house becomes haunted by old faces, glimmered thro the doors, old toasters, trod the upper floors, old voices called her from without. The use of past tense with glimmered an d called signifies that Marianne is still living in the past, as her libido flows backwards. She remembers happier times because she is haunted, and the psychological reversions as well as physical deterioration move in parallel order, creating overwhelming spirit of degeneration and loss.In the subsist stanza, the true sparrows chirrup on the roof, the slow quantify ticking, this first and second line stood out. The sparrow is symbolic because it is a sign of impending death, in Christian homeboys the sparrow was seen as offering made by person without any means. As for the slow clock ticking, this can be interpreted for the lack of time and the poems constant circular motion before reaching its climax in the final stanza. However, because the clock is about to come to a halt it could as well as have the double meaning for Marinas impending death.Another literary symbol that Tennyson uses to draw up on Marinas yearning for her lover is the polar tree. The polar tree is a class ic symbol of the renegade lover and his broken promise it can be interpreted as a phallic symbol since it provides he only break in the otherwise barren and flat landscape. Within classic mythology the poplar tree is used in the text Metamorphoses, where Ovid describes how None, deserted by Paris, addresses the poplar on which Paris has carved his promise not to desert her. This interpretation is relevant to the reoccurring theme of abandonment and isolation within the poem.In the fourth stanza, the fifth line introduces the poplar tree as the Hard by a poplar shook alleyways silver-green with gnarled bark also making its existence sound temperamental and deteriorating through the use of gnarled bark and silver-green, these adjectives making it unappealing in the mind of the reader. Marina lusts for the company of her antecedent lover, so when she sees the gusty shadow sway, in the following fourth line of the fifth stanza, this is the remainder of the internal dominance her lov er had over her and his absence in her life which has been replaced by this desolate tree.The fact that she is still pining over his vacancy shows that he still holds power over her and is able to manipulate her, which could be said of women in society being under the control of men during Tennyson time. The poplar trees isolation haunts Marina hitherto in sleep, because it eternally serves as a remainder of the one who will never come. Death is also a prominent motif throughout the poem, as dead is repeated in the last line of every stanza in the refrain.In the climaxing, last stanza of the poem, Tennyson wrote on the sixth line but she loathed the hour/When the thick-mooted sunbeam lay, this phrase is emphasized by the caesura directly prior to it, and the comparatively period lacking punctuation which follows. The words thick and lay give the reader the impression that Marinas world is coated in dust, suggesting that it is morality which weighs her down since her life is unshea thed and oppressive. This idea is further emphasized by the day drawing to a close when Tennyson wrote in the last stanza on the 8th line, and the Dallas sloping toward his western bower. The imagery here is suggestive of the sun setting and her contemptible towards Angelo since the connotation of light has to do with living and mortality. The ending of the day, and the drawing of the poem can be interpreted as the ending of Marinas own life. In conclusion, much of Tennyson formation of the character Marina can be seen as a projection of his own psychological issues. His powerful use of imagery and pathetic fallacy illustrates the vie Marina faces between life and death as she diligently awaits her lovers return.

Dementia: Cerebrum and High Blood Pressure

DEMENTIA AWARNESS 1. Understand what derangement is 1. 1 Explain what is meant by the term monomania A syndrome due to disease of the brain, usually of a chronic modernised nature in which there argon multiple disturbances of higher cognitive function. These include impairment of memory, sen termnt and orientation, learning king, language and judgement. 1. 2 Describe the key functions of the brain that are fall uponed by madness The key functions of the brain that are affected by dementia are the temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital, cerebrum lobe and the hippocampus.Temporal lobe- trustworthy for vision,memory, language, hearing and learning Frontal lobe- responsible for decision making, problem solving, control behaviour and emotions parietal lobe- responsible for sensory information from the body, also where letters are formed, putting things in order and spatial awareness. Occipital lobe- responsible for processing information link up to vision Cerebrum lobe- is responsible for for the biggest part of the brain its utilization is memory, attention, thought and our consciousness, senses and movement.Hippocampus- responsible for memory forming, organizing and storing and emotions 1. 3 Explain why depression, delirium and age- link memory impairment whitethorn be mistaken for dementia Because they both manifest with similar symptoms. Depression coupled with age related memory impairment looks the same as dementia to the untrained eye. The difference is that depression delirium responds to dis gradation with anti depressants, once you get on top of the depression you can put age related memory loss into perspective.If it is genuine dementia it wont get any better. 2. Understand key features of theoretical lessons of dementia 2. 1 Outline the medical model of dementia The medical model focuses on the impairment as the problem and focuses on a cure, these whitethorn be dependency, restriction of choice, dis empowering and devaluing in dividuals 2. 2 Outline the social model of dementia This is personal centred, focusing on the rights of the individual, in turn empowering the individual, promoting independence, giving choice and looking at what the individual is able to do. . 3 Explain why dementia should be viewed as a impediment Individuals who ready dementia are not aware of requirements for living, they can forget to do the essential things that are vital. Taking medication,hygiene and even eating are often forgotten. They can get lost or violate and not understand what is necessary to correct a situation. Individuals cannot act in the manner of a responsible adult which is why dementia should be viewed as a disability 3. Know the most third estate types of dementia and their causes 3. List the most common causes of dementia Alzheimer disease This is the most common cause of dementia, during the course of the disease the chemistry and structure of the brain changes, leading to the death of brain cells. Vas cular dementia If the atomic number 8 supply to the brain fails, brain cells may die, this can happen from a strokes or over time through series of small strokes Lewy body disease This form of dementia gets its name from tiny orbiculate structures that develop inside nerve cells, there presence in the brain cells leads to the degeneration of brain tissue. . 2 Describe the likely signs and symptoms of the most common causes of dementia Alzheimers disease is a progressive condition, symptoms include small fry memory problems, difficulty saying the right words, disorientation personality changes and behavioural changes Vascular dementia may develop suddenly and quickly, symptoms include memory loss depression, visual hallucinations, low attention span and periods of psychical confusion.Lewy bodies develop gradually and gets more severe over the years, symptoms include memory loss, visual hallucinations, delusions, muscle stiffness. 3. 3 Outline the risk factors for the most common causes of dementia The risk factors for Alzeheimers is age, family history and genes Vascular dementia is change magnitude age, history of heart attacks, strokes or mini strokes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes Lewy bodies is advanced age, it appears to affect more men than women, having a family member whos had it and a unhealthy lifestyle 3. Identify prevalence evaluate for dissimilar types of dementia The established prevalence rates for different types of dementia are 40-64yrs 1 in 1400 65-69yrs 1 in 100 70-79yrs 1 in 25 80+ 1 in 6 4. Understand factors relating to an individuals experience of dementia 4. 1 Describe how different individuals may experience living with dementia depending on age, type of dementia, and level of ability and disability Depending on the form of dementia peoples ability and disability will be different. People with ementia may not necessarily always be forgetful, their memory may remain intact but their personality and behaviour could be noticeably changed. However the level of ability and disability depends on an individuals age and condition of dementia, people who are living with dementia in prior age such as 60s-70s are less likely to be as dependable on others than people living with dementia at the age of over their 70s-80s. People also have different levels of stamina at different ages so their ability and disability may vary and the level of musical accompaniment they require will be varied as well. . 2 Outline the impact that the attitudes and behaviours of others may have on an individual with dementia People who suffer from dementia can feel excluded if people arent giving them enough time to finish there conservation or tasks, which can lead them to cosmos treated differently and can cause more illness such has anger, depression and frustration , so therefore there is good combination of general awareness of the existence of dementia but poor people detailed understanding of its causes, progr ession and implications tends to lead to inaccurate assumptions.

Plan of Discipleship Essay

IntroductionIn due course of ministering to the frame of Fairway perform it has be go app arnt that thither is a greater need for discipleship among the un- performed and the de- perform frameed of the surrounding biotic fraternity. It is in that locationfore, the endof this exhibition to introduce, clarify, and expound the end of the discipleship ministries of Fairway Church in said setting. This action moldiness be seen as imperious not only to the church still likewise in the broader circumstance of mission as a whole.It is the hope on that pointfore, in the following curricular plan that there would be fitted space and com custodytary given to the following argonas of concern Scriptural FoundationsCore Ministry ValuesBehavioral finales (including Slogans and Visuals)mensurable Objectives nucleotide pathway of Development (Measurable Steps)Encompassing visual sense StatementIdentification and description of characteristics of the target gathering.Action Plan backcloth and Sequence PlanBudget and Communication Tools and TechniquesThrough the further defining and examination of the above factors the goal of this curricular plan should be head conventional in the collective efforts of the church as a whole. With this in mind wizard should be capable of appreciating and desiring to address in the work of discipleship at Fairway Church.Furtherto a greater extent, it should be noted that discipleship is no easy task, yet it is a worthwhile sensation. It should be the overarching goal of the local church as soundly as some iodin believers to be involved in the repre directative work of messiah in the local context. The command has been given, the yell has been sent come aside, as item-by-item following the response therefore, moldiness(prenominal)iness be to follow well and seek to carry other followers.Scriptural FoundationsPerceiving, therefore, a need for valid and comprehensive discipleship it is the bank of this program to blend Scriptural content into a pragmatical pop run format. It should therefore, be the end of this expositional variance to deal with the Scriptural foundations of the below development ofa discipleship dodge. This moldiness be dvirtuoso by cogitate ofs of a successful examination of the c all(prenominal) told, the example, and the sacrifice of Christ as well as the regulate of Paul.First, virtuoso essential see that Jesus has given a call to make disciples. If the local congregation does not understand the basic imperative of Christ toward discipleship, there is no hope that a successful dumbfound might be attained. This call is expressed nowhere more clear than in Matthew 289 which states to the followers of Christ, Go therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.1 It should be seen that the goal of the disciple-follower should be to make other disciple-followers. This must not be compr omised it is the foundational block of any successful discipleship outline. Furthermore, unmatchable(a) must seek to gain an correspondence of Christ example of discipleship. Here one must dissect the concern as to the question of, Why? Why does one make disciples? Although, it notify easily be seen that Christ commanded this in the above passage, there is more to this than a mere call to do something in Christs name. As Francis Chan states, God wants us to pursue certain actions, plainly as we put Gods commands into action, our motivation makes all the difference.2 A student of password must understand that discipleship is at the heart of Christ Himself. In reality Christ held a redundant call to make followers. This ass be seen nowhere better than in Matthew 418-22. One reads man walking by the Sea of Galilee, he cut two brothers, Simon (who is called Peter) and Andrew his brother, stamp a bring in into the sea, for they were fishermen. And he said to them, Follow me, and I testament make you fishers of men. Immediately they left their nets and followed him. And going on from there he saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, localization their nets, and he called them. Immediately they left the boat and their father and followed him.3This passage is key in arrangement the example of Christ as he sought to effect and fall out disciples. Christ called people to come and follow Him. The local church should be about the same business as they seek to reach the culture around them for Christ. This is more than a command, it is alifestyle exhibited primarily by Christ.Next, one who seeks to be a disciple must embody the sacrificial life of Christ. This does not dictate that one must seek to die in commit to follow Christ. However it should lead believers to understand the call to depart sacrificially even unto death, if necessary. Dietrich Bonheoffer shoots this out by stating that, When Christ calls a man, he bids him come and die.4 This does not mean that Christ calls men to be killed but rather to springy sacrificially. The creative thinker is the same when one sees in Luke 923-24 that Christ calls people to live sacrificially. The student of this text reads, And he said to all, If anyone would come afterwards me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me. For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it.5This passage is alike a key in the concept of successful discipleship strategy. In short, the believer must be willing to live as if a cross was their goal. The disciple should understand that ultimately following Christ leads to the death of self. Without this arrest there is no means to successfully accomplish the objective of creating solid disciple-followers of Christ.Lastly, one should see the practical applications to the above theological themes concerning discipleship. This is nowhere exhibited more fully than in Pauls ministry to the Philippians. Paul states in Philippians 317 concerning the church that, Brothers, join in imitating me, and financial support your eyes on those who walk according to the example you guard in us.6 This should be seen as directly related to the record of disciples as followers. Paul is pointing to himself as an acceptable example for disciples to follow. This point is of great importance in that it is attainable to the average believer. The individual congregant of a particular church should seek to embody this work in any effort to be a disciple-making disciple. Individuals should seek to create followers of themselves and in this lead others to Christ.Core ValuesWith firm scriptural texts established one should further seek to developand implement the issue values of discipleship. These values are exceedingly important in the forming of hatful and the continuation of a successful disciple making structure. T he local church must be seen as central to this and should be placed in context of discipleship structures. It is therefore, the hope of this expositional section to place the local church at the decoct of effective disciple making.In this context one should see that the core values of discipleship in the local church congregation should include a water-loving understanding of, harming culture (mission), organic consanguinity building, account mightiness, and lastly echo. These core concepts should sit at the midsection of the discipleship efforts of Fairway Church.First, the congregation should seek to understand the reality of the culture in which the church exists. The current culture is one in which most seem to be hostile toward Christianity. The spectrum shows it obvious that, Christian trustingness is quickly losing traction in Western culture, not only as a result of unchristian behavior, as meaningful as that is, but because we wee-weent recognized our new reality and adapted.7 The path forward is be by how the local body interacts with this culture.Interaction must be seen as key. Considering discipleship and the way in which the church engages culture dictates their ability to reproduce disciples. Tim Keller, speaking of the Israelites, and their appointment of Babylonian culture gives three options. These options are Move into the city and lose your sprightlinessual identity Dont move into the city and musical accompaniment your spiritual identity Move into the city and keep your spiritual identity8It is frightful to think of the physique of churches that embody the first two models in the modern context. Furthermore, it should be seen that Gods model for cultural engagement is one in which believers engage culture. One reads in Jeremiah 297 that believers should, seek the peace and prosperity of the city to which I have carried you into exile. Pray to the LORD for it, because if it prospers, you in any case will prosper.9 The si tuation is one that isclear. Church people should not live in isolation of culture, in fact, individual believers should be pursue with culture yet not lose their spiritual identity. The church must be engaged with the military man around it. This must be a core value of any successful discipleship strategy.In fellowship to the above idea of engagement, the local church should seek to understand the value of organic relationship building. It is by dint of relationship that union is formed and this concept must be seen as central to the very nature of universe Christian. This was the practice of the early church in Acts. One reads in Acts 242-45 the following And they give themselves to the apostles tenet and the fellowship, the breaking of bread and the prayers. And awe came upon every soul, and many wonders and signs were world done finished the apostles. And all who believed were together and had all things in communal. And they were selling their possessions and belong ings and distributing the proceeds to all, as any had need.10The idea is one of community. Here the church must be about building relationships in community. Through engaging culture the gospel becomes attractive and as relationships are developed there should be people added, first, in areas of common interest and then as firm followers of Christ.In the context of relationship building there should also be an aspect of accountability. It should be noted that the ultimate goal of successful discipleship is to make people accountable to Christ first and each other as an outflow of the primary relationship with Christ. This however, must be linked to healthy accountability in relationship. Some whitethorn refer to this as creating healthy boundaries.Although, this may seem abstract to many, in its exposition it should become clear. Some may have it offensive to even suggest that disciple makers should consider relational boundaries. However, this is important in two ship backsideal. These ways are easily seen as maintaining proper doctrine and picturing proper Christian love.First, one must see that doctrinal boundaries must be maintained. As Jonathan Leeman points out, that the church is rampant in its, loss of doctrinal, termination making view,11 furthermore, that this loss is linked to allowing churches to, veer toward number-counting or Spirit-chasing (or both).12 This has ultimately led the church to see an influx of people. Yet, also there is a lack of spiritual maturity or ability to reproduce disciples. This must be seen in direct connection to the cultural phenomena of, individualism, consumerism, and a reluctance to commit, and uncertainty toward all forms of dogma13 The goal however, should be in relationships to picture the opposite of this mentality. The goal should center on accountability and self sacrifice, healthy boundaries and love from a biblical context of community.Furthermore, it should be mute that in picturing proper, restorative love in community is essential. The culture to which disciples will be sent is one intoxicated by love. This is a problem, in that the predominant cultural perception of love is so often implied upon the church and furthermore, Christ. It is expected that Christ is all accepting rather than concerned about view or accountability. Restorative ministry in a community context must be fleshed out in a context of Gospel transparency. The church cannot disciple sinners with out loving them enough to picture this model in relationship. Hold true to doctrine and do not compromise for the sake of love.Lastly, one must seek to operate a mannikin of discipleship that can be reproduced. The church in too many cases has tied itself to structures that cannot be reproduced on an individual level. It is key to understand that, Reproduction ensures that a bm will live past its founding stages.14 This must be loved in greater depth. Jesus understood the need for reproductive discipleship and so should the modern church. The model of Jesus must be seen as the most successful model in that he understood and implemented a strategy of reproduction focus on on a small handful of original disciples. Robert Coleman notes this in his script the get over Plan of Evangelism by stating the following His concern was not with programs to reach the multitudes but with men whom the multitudes would follow hands wereto be His method of winning the world to God. The initial objective of Jesus plan was to enlist men who could bear witness to His life and carry on His work after He returned to the Father.Jesus understood the value of organic reproduction. The local church as well should seek to embody this. However, it seems this has not been the goal in much of the historical efforts of discipleship.Behavioral GoalsDiscipleship as Frank Viola states is, a lifestylean received tour with the Lord Jesus and His disciples.15 at that placefore, any process seeking to make disciples should desire to integrate fully a successful plan of curriculum. This curriculum should hold a clear-cut concept of behavioural goals. As Mitchell states, Step number one in developing the curricular plan is establishing both institutional and individual goals and expectations.16 This must be assessed if discipleship is to be accomplished.An overarching goal statement should be established to drop dead the educator as they seek to lead and make disciples. The goal then of this curricular plan must be seen as follows To make disciples capable of living on mission, in journey, and reproductive in nature. This goal statement should be seen at the heart of successfully making disciples. However, the statement in itself is incapable of fleshing out the reality of this goal. There must be an expectation of personal goals accompanying the discipleship goal statement.Behavioral goals should be built around the framework of this statement. These goals should follow as well the model seen in the c ore ministry values. Individuals in the discipleship structure should be encouraged to integrate the following principles into their lives on a daily basis lock awayCareBuildReproduceIndividuals should be encouraged to integrate these behaviors in their sufferlives on a daily basis.The terminology of Scripture should point this out. One reads in Matthew 2819 that the call is to, Go therefore and make disciples of all nations,17 The point of going is better conveyed in the Greek, which reads as, 18This therefore is defined as, to lead over, carry over, transfer, to pursue the journey on which one has entered, to continue on ones journey.19 This must be seen as important in the behavioral goals of a discipleship effort. Individuals must be encouraged to integrate the quatern core values into a lifestyle of evangelism, rather than the more common structure of catapulting oneself into culture. Such an effort is often cartridge holders defined by congregants in the form of confessiona l faith alone. The goal should be to integrate people into the journey before ever assessing the nature of their salvation. Salvation should be the goal yet it should not be the point of the spear. Far too many have presented Christian community as transactive, whereas it should be seen as transformative in nature.The above format however may be seen as drastically different than the model shown in the historical model of church. Individual disciple-followers should begin to concede that the need is not to go on mission but to do life as mission. There should be a language component to this rift. An individual slogan therefore could be stated only as, Keep Calm and Disciple on. The goal of such a slogan is two fold. The desire should be to create a common language as well as a framework for motivation in a comfortable and familiar style. This must be understood in order to fully integrate discipleship into ones life. Furthermore, there should be a visual component to this as well .This visual can be seen in the following .The above visual should be seen as key in the integrating of material into the teaching and educative principles concerned with behavioral objectives. The form can be utilized as a further tool to in unified and engage the culture at large concerning the building of relationships. This must be seen as key in the implementation of the above described discipleship structure.Therefore, it should be assessed that the behavioral objectives of thisdiscipleship strategy are to lead others to integrate the engage, care, build, reproduce strategy into their lives. Individual disciple-followers should be lead to, engage culture, care for their communities, build relationship through that caring, and reproduce disciples from those relationships. These are the behavioral objectives of this strategy and are essential to its implementation.Measureable ObjectivesMeasurable outcomes should also be seen as important to the accomplishing of expensive disc ipleship structures. The question of what expectation is held by the leaders of Fairway Church for the individual disciple-followers is important and should be well defined at the onset of the structure. Dietrich Bonheoffer stated in his unpolluted work Life Together that as believers, We must be ready to allow ourselves to be discontinue by God, God will be constantly crossing our paths and canceling our plans20 This quote should dish individual leaders as they seek to integrate measurable objectives into a successful framework for discipleship. Successful discipleship should create disciples willing to have their lives interrupted by Jesus.The measurable outcome in conclusion should be centered on the ability of individuals to live in such a way that discipleship is accomplished regardless as to the inconvenience to their personal lives. It should therefore, be noted that at the end of this discipleship course individuals should be integrated into community and motivated to fo rm community in whatever context available to them. These measurable outcomes must be placed as central to the success of this plan of discipleship. Each component must be seen more in depth as to understand the importance of each.First, one must see the importance of individuals being integrated into community. Darrin Patrick notes this in his maintain For the city in a remarkable way. After noticing the large measuring stick of non-believers in his congregation Patrick also noted that they (leaders), learned that what stood out to people was the context of challenging, biblical teaching in the context of a community of people who seemed to genuinely care for one another and pass on time together.21 This is for the purposes of this paper asuccessful picture of what it means to integrate people into valuable community. This integration however, must be goaded toward further goals.Next, one must be capable of thinking sacrificially to accomplish the goals of engaging and reproduc ing. This must be seen in the context of community. Darrin Patrick exhibits this point by describing the establishment of the fifth campus of his church The Journey. Darrin notes that, we launched our fifth campus, which started because of the heart of a member of our church who owned a niggardness store and desired a place for people who frequented there to go to church.22 This must be seen as an embodiment of the measurable outcome of being motivated to form community. The individual disciple saw a need in community, as a result a new congregation was started and discipleship was carried on. In summation concerning the point of measurable outcomes leadership should assess individuals in their ability to be part of community and their ability to form community. A successful disciple-follower will reproduce the discipleship model in different context outside of the original community. This must be seen as the most important measurable objective of this discipleship structure. Base Path of Development (Measurable Steps)A base path of development should also be considered at this point in the development of a discipleship structure. These move should be assessed on both a corporate and an individual level. The larger context of the local church should benefit from the advancement of discipleship efforts. This would be the measurable shades assessed in the corporate context. However, it should also be seen that assessment on an individual level is needed. Furthermore, the benefit to the church is not one of a superficial nature. The church itself should be seen as being reproducible. The goal is to build from smallest to largest. The smallest being individual disciples and the largest being the reproduction and continued proliferation of church planting movements. The symbiotic relationship that exists between the corporate and the individual nature of discipleship is seen by the statements of Dennis McCallum who disciples through a process of, using one-on-o ne or one-on-two relationships to help people who have only recently met Christ and need help just getting started at the most rudimentarylevel.23 However, this is also integral to the model of reproduction. The above quote points to the greater synthesis of multiplication. McCallum goes on to point that Each home church in Xenos seeks to replicate itself within one to four years, depending on the type of group. To succeed, the home church must raise up a new group of leaders and double the size of the group.24 In short, it should be seen that a measurable outcome in the discipleship process of Fairway Church it the reproduction rate of both discipleship groups and church plants. As one evaluates the outcomes of developing disciple-followers there must be an furiousness placed on the corporate reproduction as well as the individual reproduction of disciples. As individuals are encouraged to disciple on there should be an understanding that an organic structure driven toward repro ductive fellowships (i.e. church in whatever context) must be realized. Therefore, it must be noted that two measurable outcomes must be considered. First, are individuals making disciples? Second, are these disciples forming relational fellowships built around the tenants of church? If these two outcomes are not seen leadership should re-assess and equip individual disciples to continue by other means. This is key to the understanding of measureable outcomes in the context of the above discipleship structure. Furthermore, individuals should be encouraged to be experimental in their application of biblical teaching in the context of discipleship. One reads in the book the Trellis and the Vine concerning this theme just as some sort of framework is needed to help a vine grow, so Christian ministries also need some structure and support. It may not be much, but at the very least we need somewhere to meet, some Bibles to read from, and some basic structures of leadership within our gro up.25It should therefore, be embodied in the relationship between structure and organic produce that a supportive leadership model gives guidance but not directives. The goal should be to keep first things first in the context of community application. There should be a solid vena of doctrinal agreement, leadership authority, and oversight. However, this does not mean that the communities are manipulated to look alike in any context. A vibrant community of faith should be one in which the practical application of doctrinal spirit binds a community together rather than driving them apart.Encompassing Vision StatementFurthermore there should be an comprehend vision for any discipleship structure. The vision of a group must be well defined in order to keep the group as a whole motivated and driven toward a goal. A successful leader will continually measure the progress of the group. This leader should also be willing adjust the methods used as needed. Transformative leadership is le adership that must not be fixated with plans but capable of accomplishing goals through working and changing with the group. Vision, it seems should be viewed in a dualistic nature. Vision can be a catalyst or a nail in a coffin. Darrin Patrick notes this in his book Church Planter. He comments that a pastor without grace is a man characterized as, a filmdom man elected to a professorship of optics, philosophizing upon light and vision, discoursing upon and distinguishing to others the nice shades and delicate blendings of the prismatic colours, while he himself is absolutely in the dark26 It must be seen therefore, that vision can be very dangerous if given from the wrong perspective and through the wrong person. However, this should not lead one to think it unwise to have vision. Paul is noted as have thought strategicalally about vision. In short, it must be seen that vision does not trump strategic thinking and strategic thinking does not cancel out the value of vision. One re ads concerning this that, Paul had two checks in his spirit and an open vision, but it wasnt until he concludedput all these things together cognitivelythat he knew where the Spirit was leading.27 It should be therefore, that the leader of a discipleship effort should seek to combine an open vision with cognitive practical thought. Therefore, in considering the above exposition concerning the proposed discipleship structure of Fairway Church there should be a desire to define a vision built in the notion of Paul. This vision should be pliable as well as practical. At this point individuals should see the following vision statement as functional as well as doctrinal and spirit formed. Fairway Church discipleship exists to be the hands and feet of Jesus, to all those outside the walls of this church. We will live missionally, give sacrificially, and never stop encouraging others to join us on our way to Jesus.This vision should be implemented to encourage individuals to successfully accomplish the goals of discipleship. In conjunction with leadership on a personal level it is hoped that people will be motivated toward replicating the discipleship structure on their own.Identification and Description of Characteristicsof the Target GroupThe target group of this discipleship model is two fold. These two groups are best and most easily identified as follows Church Attenders and believersUn-churched and De-churched peoplesEach of the above groups listed groups possess its own challenges as well as concerns. However, the success of this structure must be gauged in its ability to charter the two together.First, one must integrate the existing resources of people and facilities toward accomplishing a greater understanding of evangelism in the context of discipleship. Ed Stetzer speaks of this by emphasizing the importance of a successful, evangelistic strategy.28 he points out that such a strategy, requires stages, helping people move from the ranks of the inactive a nd unreached to being active followers of Jesus Christ.29 Therefore, these standards must start with those who already believe.Furthermore, this provides great comfort to the leader. Community in this seed group or core group will help not only to build new leaders but also give courage to the one in place. As the group develops and begins to implement the strategy of discipleship momentum will build and individuals will become bolder in their discipleship efforts.Second, one must seek to broaden the base from which the discipleship efforts can begin to take shape. This stage would further develop the core values of engagement and relationship building. In a sense this stage would be the branching out stage. Individuals from the core would be encouraged to engage, care for, and build relationships with their community. In thisprocess these individuals would seek to understand and acknowledge the individuals that can be identified with the un-churched and the de-churched.This howeve r, may seem a daunting task. However, when placed in context it should be seen that this task, although daunting, could be accomplished. One term seems to predominantly describe those that remain outside the church. The term of post-modern has taken on a prolific hatred in the contemporary American church. Yet, the hope remains that through engaging this culture there can be Gospel work accomplished.First, one should understand what a post-modern person is. Stanley Grenz notes that post-modernism is, a questioning, and even rejection of the Enlightenment project and the foundational assumptions upon which it was built, namely, that knowledge is certain, objective, and inherently good.30 In examining this rendering the church may react rather than respond. However, the church should ask itself whether this shift is necessarily a unsuitable thing. Gabe Lyons notes that over all, Americans are spiritual, but they have begun to seek spiritual experiences outside the framework of trad itional religions.31 If this is the case than why should the church be frightful of reaching out to engage this cultural shift? In a sense should not such a culture find value in Christian community? Not to say that Christian community should bend to accommodate but that a mentality defined by, Think, hence I am32 by its very tenant, accommodates one who acknowledges Christ. Therefore, the church should seek to engage this group in an effort to integrate them into greater biblical community. The question is well phrased when reading, What if its (the post modern culture) actually a harnessable wind that can refill the sails of our faith?33 Action PlanAn action plan should further the discipleship effort of Fairway Church. This plan should be all encompassing as well as directed toward the context of each individual target group. The following stairs should be taken in the goal to accomplish successful discipleship in the congregation of Fairway Church. The activities should be seen the context of two activities of a Biblical context. These activities can be defined as net casting and dragin the nets. First, one should see the first steps of the action plan as a net casting activity. These steps include the cultivation of existing believers and the utilization (pulling in) of such to broaden the discipleship pool. In a sense one is casting nets into the relevant communities in order to find the workers for discipleship. These individuals are then brought into the discipleship converse as a means to parlay such resources toward the greater community. In this step of action one seeks to find where God is already working and align themselves in an effort to have greater community impact toward making disciples of the un-churched and de-churched. Second, this step should be repeated on a broader scale.It is in this second step of action that one should look for areas in which the church can truly make a difference. In this context Christians should be encouraged to build relationships by engaging the culture around them. The net casting in this step is defined by the individual disciples living on task and on journey in their community context. Continual long-term engagement should be encouraged at this point. Furthermore, this second step should be defined by the individual efforts of disciples to become more involved in the lives of those outside the church. Although, disciples should be encouraged to invite disciples to Christian activities the main point is to form valuable organic relationships with those in the community. This step is hugely important to the continual development of discipleship efforts.Scope and Sequence PlanScope and sequence cookery should be seen as important as well. In such an assessment there should be adequate evaluation given to the curriculum, calendar, and personnel needed to accomplish the goals of the discipleship efforts. It is in this portion of development that one may see the options as limitless. H owever, for the sake of being organic it should be noted that scope and sequence think should be a minimalistic activity.Curriculum must be seen as standardized. Regardless, as to which group or look of the discipleship structure, there should be a successful implementation of curriculum. It is the suggestion of this paper that there should be an emphasis placed on book studies. These studies however, should be developed from practical to theological and from larger group to smaller.As individuals who already self identify as disciples arise in congregations they should immediately be integrated in a cohort structure of discipleship training. The curriculum for such a group should be focused on training and empowering these individuals to cast nets for themselves and train future disciples. Each cohort should last no more than cardinal weeks and should consist of a high level of accountability.These groups should be no more than six participants in number. This number should all ow for adequate leadership and training. In this context there should be a practical book such as For the City by Darrin Patrick and Matt Carter. In conjunction to this there should also be a Theologically significant book such as The surprising Offense of Gods Love by Jonathan Leeman.To second these efforts there should also be practical training involved. Each disciple should also be engaged for up to three weeks after the initial cohort. Each disciple-follower would be encouraged in this time to begin a personal outreach to his or her local community. Creativity would be emphasized and applauded. The leader of the cohort would be there only in a supportive role.Budget and Communication Tools and TechniquesA work out plan should also be taken into consideration. However, with an emphasis on an organic model and structure, the budget should also be very minimalistic. Within the confines of such a structure the main cost would be book materials. Although individuals can be encourag ed to buy the books there should be adequate understanding on the part of leadership. Books should be purchased in bulk and distributed at cost to leaders of individual groups.This budgetary model should be seen as helpful in several ways. However, the lower the cost the more likely reproduction will be. Individual participants should be encouraged to take ownership of the discipleship model and its proliferation. Too many churches have launched into discipleship efforts with an emphasis on church structural centrality. This in turn has made the portrayed model permissive waste not easily reproduced. This mistake should be avoidedat all cost.BibliographyBevins, Winfield. Grow Reproducing through Organic Discipleship. resurgence , 2009.Bonhoeffer, Dietrich. Life Together The Classic Exploration of Christian Community. refreshing York , NY Harper Collins , 1954.Bonhoeffer, Detrich. The Cost of Discipleship . New York , NY Thouchstone, 1959.Chan, Francis. Multiply Diciples Making D isciples. Colorado Springs, CO David C. Cook, 2012.Coleman, Dr. Robert E. The Master Plan of Evangelism . Grand Rapids , MI Revell Books , 1993.Descartes, Rene. Discourse on the Method and the Meditations . New York , NY Cosimo, Inc, 2008ESV Study Bible. Wheaton , IL Crossway Bibles , 2008.Grenz, Stanley J., interview by Rogier Bos. Next Wave consultation (1999).Leeman, Jonathan. The Church and the Surprising Offense of Gods Love Reintroducing the Doctrines of Church Membership and Discipline . Wheaton , IL Crossway Books , 2010.Lyons, Gabe. The NExt Christians Seven Ways you Can Live the Gospel and Restore the World. Colorado Springs, Co Multnomah Books , 2012.Marshall , Colin , and Tony Payne . The Trellis and the Vine The Ministry Mind-Shift that Changes Everything. Kingsford Matthias Media , 2009.McCallum , Dennis , and Jessica Lowery . Organic Discipleship Mentoring Others Into Spiritual Maturity and Leadership. New Paradigm Publishing , 2006.Patrick , Darrin, and Matt Carter . For the City Proclaiming and Living out the Gospel. 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